Ankle fractures: High implant cost is not associated with better patient reported outcomes

IntroductionAnkle fractures comprise 9% of all fractures and are among the most common fractures requiring operative management. Open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) with plates and screws is the gold standard for the treatment of unstable, displaced ankle fractures. While performing ORIF, orthopaedic surgeons may choose from several fixation methods including locking versus nonlocking plating and whether to use screws or suture buttons for syndesmotic injuries.Nearly all orthopaedic surgeons treat ankle fractures but most are unfamiliar with implant costs. No study to date has correlated the cost of ankle fracture fixation with health status as perceived by patients through patient reported outcomes (PROs). The purpose of this study was to determine whether there is a relationship between increasing implant cost and PROs after a rotational ankle fracture.MethodsAll ankle fractures treated with open reduction internal fixation (ORIF) at a level I academic trauma center from January 2018 to December 2022 were identified. Inclusion criteria included all rotational ankle fractures with a minimum 6-month follow-up and completed 6-month PRO. Patients were excluded for age <18, polytrauma and open fracture. Variables assessed included demographics, fracture classifications, Foot and Ankle Ability Measure-Activities of Daily Living (FAAM-ADL) score, implant type, and implant cost.ResultsThere was a statistically significant difference in cost between fracture types (p < 0.0001) with trimalleolar fractures being the most expensive. The mean FAAM-ADL score was lowest for trimalleolar fractures at 78.9, 95% CI [75.5, 82.3]. A diagnosis of osteoporosis/osteopenia was associated with a decrease in cost of $233.3, 95% CI [−411.8, −54.8]. There was no relationship between syndesmotic fixation and implant cost, $102.6, 95% CI [−74.9, 280.0]. There was no correlation between implant cost and FAAM-ADL score at 6 months (p = 0.48).ConclusionsThe utilization of higher cost ankle fixation does not correlate with better FAAM-ADL scores. Orthopaedic surgeons may choose less expensive implants to improve the value of ankle fixation without impacting patient reported outcomes.     

有限内固定结合外固定支架治疗胫骨远端骨折

目的探讨有限内固定结合Hybrid外固定支架治疗胫骨远端骨折的疗效。方法从2003年1月～2005年7月,使用Hybird外固定支架治疗胫骨远端骨折21例,按AO分类:A1型4例;A2型5例;A3型4例;C1型2例;C2型3例;C3型3例,其中开放性骨折8例,手术采用有限切开,骨片钉固定,Hybrid外固定支架不跨踝关节固定。结果术后21例均获随访,平均随访时间12.3个月,骨折平均愈合时间7.6个月。功能评定采用Bone的踝关节活动度进行评价,优良率达76%。结论Hybrid外固定支架设计合理并能维持骨干的轴线,骨片钉能很好的固定骨折块,同时避免了软组织的并发症,可使踝关节早期活动,防止踝关节僵硬,因而是治疗胫骨远端骨折有效的方法之一。     

股骨粗隆间骨折髓内内固定治疗进展

股骨粗隆间骨折(intertrochanteric fracture of femur,IFF)占髋部骨折的近一半,多见于老年患者。IFF的治疗方式包括保守治疗和手术治疗。回顾髓内固定治疗股骨粗隆间骨折的相关文献并分析各种治疗方法的临床应用、优势、手术难度及并发症。总结髓内内固定治疗股骨粗隆间骨折进展。     

Hand grip strength as a predictor of recovery from low back pain in the pregnant women-a prospective study

BackgroundLow back pain (LBP) is a common musculoskeletal problem during pregnancy with an estimated prevalence ranging from 30% to 78%. The symptoms usually disappear gradually after delivery, but some women may have persistent problems even later in their lives. The definite mechanism behind LBP during pregnancy remains unknown. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate whether hand grip strength (HGS), which is a straightforward and reliable indicator of overall muscle strength, is associated with unrecovered LBP after delivery.Methods257 pregnant women who registered at obstetrics units in two tertiary hospitals from January 2016 to June 2017 and meanwhile suffered the LBP during pregnancy were included. They were grouped based on whether they recovered from LBP after delivery (recovery was de?ned as a pain rating of ≤3). The variables such as age, HGS, and education level were recorded and examined for the risk analysis of unrecovered LBP. Also, the Pearson correlation between HGS levels and pain intensities was investigated.ResultsLBP without recovery at two years after delivery was reported among 22.7% of the subjects. Women with increasing age, low HGS (<25 kg), LBP in a previous pregnancy, back pain, sick leave, and a large amount of physical demand (all p < 0.05), were more likely to report LBP without recovery. Besides, there was a significant correlation between HGS values and the intensities of LBP (r = ?0.525; p = 0.003).ConclusionsLow HGS has the highest OR value (adjusted OR = 9.12, P < 0.001) among these factors. The present findings may be used to design and encourage a specific stabilization exercise regime to build well stability of the lumbar spinal column and thus alleviating the LBP.     

膝关节置换术后骨密度变化的研究进展

目的总结膝关节置换术后骨密度的变化及其诊断方式、影响因素和药物防治研究进展。方法查阅近年国内外有关文献，对骨密度评估测量方式的优缺点、膝关节置换术后骨密度的变化趋势及其影响因素，以及药物防治疗效差异进行总结。结果膝关节置换术后全身骨密度及假体周围平均骨密度总体呈下降趋势，与检测时患者体位、年龄、体质量、日常活动、假体固定方式、假体设计以及假体材料等因素密切相关。狄诺塞麦、双膦酸盐和特立帕肽等药物能够减少膝关节置换术后骨密度降低程度。结论膝关节置换术后骨密度呈下降趋势，但发生机制尚不明确，与多种因素相关。目前，抑制骨吸收药物对于膝关节置换术后骨密度降低有一定效果，但远期疗效有待进一步探究。     

前交叉韧带双束重建联合前外侧韧带重建在前交叉韧带翻修中的应用

目的探讨前交叉韧带（anterior cruciate ligament，ACL）双束重建联合前外侧韧带（anterolateral ligament，ALL）重建的翻修术式治疗 ACL 重建失败的效果。方法2018 年 1 月—2019 年 6 月，采用 ACL 双束重建联合 ALL 重建对 15 例初次 ACL 重建失败患者行翻修术。男 12 例，女 3 例；年龄 17～49 岁，平均 30.1 岁。初次 ACL 重建术式：单束重建 13 例，双束重建 2 例；自体肌腱重建 14 例，同种异体肌腱重建 1 例。ACL 重建失败原因：9 例创伤再断裂；6 例非创伤因素失败，其中 2 例移植物吸收、3 例移植物松弛。初次 ACL 重建至该次翻修时间为 8～60 个月，平均 28.5 个月。比较术前及末次随访时膝关节功能主、客观评价指标以评定疗效。其中，主观评价指标包括国际膝关节文献委员会（IKDC）评分、Lysholm 评分以及 Tegner 评分；客观评价指标包括胫骨前向松弛度的静态、动态移位距离及双侧松弛度差值（side-to-side difference，SSD）、轴移试验、Lachman 试验、患侧伸膝肌力丢失比、单足跳跃试验差值。结果术后切口均Ⅰ期愈合，未出现切口感染、下肢静脉血栓形成、神经血管损伤等并发症；患者均获随访，随访时间 12～30 个月，平均 19.1 个月。末次随访时，患者均恢复至伤前运动水平，IKDC 评分、Lysholm 评分、Tegner 评分均较术前明显改善（P<0.05）。胫骨前向松弛度的静态、动态移位距离均较术前明显改善（P<0.05），且恢复至正常生理范围；SSD、Lachman 试验、轴移试验、单足跳跃试验差值、患侧伸膝肌力丢失比也明显优于术前（P<0.05）。随访期间均未发生移植物再断裂，无膝关节僵硬及活动度受限；1 例出现股骨端挤压螺钉突出，局麻下经原切口取出。 结论采用 ACL 双束重建联合 ALL 重建术式对初次 ACL 重建失败患者进行翻修，能明显改善患者膝关节功能、减少胫骨前向松弛度，有效防止膝关节旋转不稳定。     

The role of low-grade infection in the pathogenesis of apparently aseptic tibial shaft nonunion

PurposeAim of this study was to determine the rate of low-grade infection in patients with primarily as aseptic categorized tibial shaft nonunion and lack of clinical signs of infection.MethodsIn a retrospective study between 2006 and 2013, all patients who underwent revision surgery for treatment of tibial shaft nonunion without clinical evidence of infection were assessed. Bacterial cultures harvested during nonunion revision, C-reactive protein (CRP) and/or white blood cell (WBC) values at hospital admission, outcome, and epidemiological data were analyzed.ResultsIn 88 patients with tibial shaft nonunion without any clinical signs of infection, bacterial samples remained negative in 51 patients. In 37 patients, microbiological diagnostic studies after long-term culturing demonstrated positive bacterial cultures whereas after short-term culturing for 2 days only 17 positive cultures were observed. In 12 cases a mixed culture with 2.3 different bacteria on average was detected. Among patients with negative bacterial cultures bone healing was achieved after 13.2 months. Nonunion with positive bacterial cultures required 19 (range 2-42) months until osseous healing (p = 0.009). Furthermore, nonunion with positive bacterial cultures require statistically more surgical revisions to achieve healing (2.9 ± 0.5 vs. 1.3 ± 0.1 additional procedure; (p = 0.003). Hematological studies carried out before surgical intervention did not demonstrate significant differences in CRP values (negative vs. positive cultures: 0.3 (range 0.3-2.8) mg/dl vs. 0.5 (range 0.3-5.7) mg/dl (p = 0.181) and in WBC values (negative vs. positive cultures: 7.4 (range 3.5-11.9) /nl vs. 7.3 (range 3.7-11.1) /nl (p = 0.723). Limitations of this study may include the varying amount of the at least four samples for microbiological diagnostics as well as the circumstance that for diagnosing low-grade infection swabs and tissue samples were included in this evaluation as being equivalent.ConclusionThe pathogenesis of nonunion may originate from low-grade infection even in patients without clinical signs of infection. In addition, nonunion with positive bacterial cultures require statistically more surgical revisions to achieve healing. Therefore, during any revision surgery, multiple bacterial samples are intended to be harvested for long-term culturing. Particularly, in tibial shaft nonunion following Gustilo-Anderson type III open fractures, low-grade infection should be suspected.Trial registration numberDRKS00014657.Date of registration04/26/2018 retrospectively registered     

腰椎椎间盘退行性变动物模型建立方法的研究进展

腰痛是目前全球首位致残疾病,给患者、家庭和社会造成极大的痛苦和沉重的负担.与增龄有关的椎间盘退行性变(IDD)是腰痛的最主要原因.随着工作与生活节奏的加快,IDD 呈现年轻化的趋势.建立符合IDD 规律、成功率高、可重复性好、操作简单、成本低且适合医学研究的IDD 动物模型,对明确腰椎IDD 的发生机制及开展防治工作具有一定意义.目前的腰椎IDD 动物模型大致可分为自发模型、损伤模型和生物力学模型等,本文依据以上分类作如下综述.